Latimer, J.S. Dental Instruments. The Dental Cosmos. 7 (7): 178-180, 1865.
DENTAL INSTRUMENTS
BY J. S. LATIMER, D.D.S.
COMBINING, as our profession does, the physician, surgeon, and mechanician in one person, few avocations require greater learning, skill, and patient industry to enable us to perform the delicate and often difficult operations required.
We have not the selection and complete control of our materials, but are compelled to operate in all manner of out-of-the-way cavities, in mouths small and moist-on sensitive teeth for nervous patients, and often under such disadvantages that, with the greatest facilities afforded by the very many useful inventions at hand, we cannot say
"behold, it is very good I" How dentists of twenty-five years ago managed to produce even as good work as they did with the coarse and unwieldy instruments then in use, it is difficult for us to realize. It must be remembered that few roots were filled, and almost as few cavities compounded of more than one surface.
With the introduction of adhesive gold, or rather of the welding and interdigitation of the gold in plugging teeth, came a very decided improvement in instruments, assisted very materially by the cordial interchange of ideas, through our colleges, journals, and societies.
At this time, gentlemen are exhibiting their instruments and their processes to their fellow-practitioners with a frankness truly admirable, and the consequence is we are attaining a considerable degree of perfection in our manipulative skill.
Of other instruments I may speak in particular at a future time, but my object in this paper is to call attention to those for operating in the roots of teeth.
Some months ago, my brother published in the DENTAL COSMOS (January, 1865) the result of his observations of the roots of teeth and the shapes of their canals. The collection of specimens of which he there speaks, and which he has contributed to the museum of the New York College of Dentistry, shows that the canals lessen in diameter as age advances, and that in flattened canals there is often a closing together in the centre, which divides the pulp, and makes two where only one existed in youth. Of inferior molars, the anterior root was often so partitioned, but several of these teeth showed four distinct canals. Of course these canals are very minute, and often somewhat tortuous.
Some gentlemen say they remove the pulp perfectly and fill to the apices of the roots, but a very large majority are extremely happy if they make even a tolerably fair approximation, especially in the molars.
One very good reason why we have been compelled to content ourselves with such marked imperfection in the removal of pulps and filling of the canals is the very inadequate idea instrument-makers seem to have of the smallness of those canals.
Dr. Palmer's nerve-pluggers were, no doubt, made much smaller to the doctor's first order and according to the pattern furnished than the present bungling things.
Who can fill any but the largest canals with the best instruments obtainable from the manufacturers? The canals are rarely round; the instruments always so.
It is nonsense to attempt to enlarge the canal of a first superior bicuspid root, an anterior canal of an inferior molar, or either of the buccal canals of a superior molar, with a stiff, straight drill. Generally more harm than good comes of attempting it.
For removing the pulp we have been provided with instruments which it would be impossible to pass into the buccal roots of a superior molar.
We have also been supplied with Swiss broaches, generally coarse, and very imperfectly prepared, the best of which offered to the dentists of New York are made by Mr. Sutton, of the late firm of Sutton and Raynor.
But even these were quite coarse, and though very well barbed, were badly injured in annealing. Meeting with difficulties from the causes enumerated, I set myself to work to devise means of overcoming them to as great a degree as the circumstances would admit.
I procured the finest Swiss broaches imported, annealed them carefully in a closed brass tube, cooled them very slowly, and found I had a tough broach that would enter almost any canal. The barbing is effected with a thin edged instrument in such a manner as to give some thirty sharp barbs without materially weakening the broach.
After testing these broaches myself I became convinced that they were better adapted to our purposes than any I had seen offered at the dental depots, and gave some to a few prominent gentlemen in the profession, some of whom have declared themselves pleased with their operation.
I do not claim that all pulps can be completely removed with these broaches, nor do I claim that such a desideratum will never be accomplished, but I believe they are superior to any yet offered. I have been urged to supply the profession with them, and have concluded to do so at the lowest price I have ever heard of prepared broaches being sold at, namely, seventy-five cents per dozen.
In the mean time, I will be most happy to give any gentleman such information (if any further is needed) as shall enable him, with a little practice, to prepare them for himself. As to the enlarging of the canals, this is best accomplished when the root is not too much bent, by rotating in it a fine broach with the temper drawn to a spring, or it may, in part, be accomplished with properly-shaped hoes.
The Palmer pluggers, considerably attenuated by filing or grinding, answer a very good purpose for introducing and condensing the gold. In closing, I will say that in very much flattened canals the pulp is frequently split, and a part of it left in, while enough is brought away evidently reaching to the apex of the root to make the dentist feel certain that all has been removed. Attention to this fact will save some trouble to the patient.
DENTAL INSTRUMENTS
BY J. S. LATIMER, D.D.S.
COMBINING, as our profession does, the physician, surgeon, and mechanician in one person, few avocations require greater learning, skill, and patient industry to enable us to perform the delicate and often difficult operations required.
We have not the selection and complete control of our materials, but are compelled to operate in all manner of out-of-the-way cavities, in mouths small and moist-on sensitive teeth for nervous patients, and often under such disadvantages that, with the greatest facilities afforded by the very many useful inventions at hand, we cannot say
"behold, it is very good I" How dentists of twenty-five years ago managed to produce even as good work as they did with the coarse and unwieldy instruments then in use, it is difficult for us to realize. It must be remembered that few roots were filled, and almost as few cavities compounded of more than one surface.
With the introduction of adhesive gold, or rather of the welding and interdigitation of the gold in plugging teeth, came a very decided improvement in instruments, assisted very materially by the cordial interchange of ideas, through our colleges, journals, and societies.
At this time, gentlemen are exhibiting their instruments and their processes to their fellow-practitioners with a frankness truly admirable, and the consequence is we are attaining a considerable degree of perfection in our manipulative skill.
Of other instruments I may speak in particular at a future time, but my object in this paper is to call attention to those for operating in the roots of teeth.
Some months ago, my brother published in the DENTAL COSMOS (January, 1865) the result of his observations of the roots of teeth and the shapes of their canals. The collection of specimens of which he there speaks, and which he has contributed to the museum of the New York College of Dentistry, shows that the canals lessen in diameter as age advances, and that in flattened canals there is often a closing together in the centre, which divides the pulp, and makes two where only one existed in youth. Of inferior molars, the anterior root was often so partitioned, but several of these teeth showed four distinct canals. Of course these canals are very minute, and often somewhat tortuous.
Some gentlemen say they remove the pulp perfectly and fill to the apices of the roots, but a very large majority are extremely happy if they make even a tolerably fair approximation, especially in the molars.
One very good reason why we have been compelled to content ourselves with such marked imperfection in the removal of pulps and filling of the canals is the very inadequate idea instrument-makers seem to have of the smallness of those canals.
Dr. Palmer's nerve-pluggers were, no doubt, made much smaller to the doctor's first order and according to the pattern furnished than the present bungling things.
Who can fill any but the largest canals with the best instruments obtainable from the manufacturers? The canals are rarely round; the instruments always so.
It is nonsense to attempt to enlarge the canal of a first superior bicuspid root, an anterior canal of an inferior molar, or either of the buccal canals of a superior molar, with a stiff, straight drill. Generally more harm than good comes of attempting it.
For removing the pulp we have been provided with instruments which it would be impossible to pass into the buccal roots of a superior molar.
We have also been supplied with Swiss broaches, generally coarse, and very imperfectly prepared, the best of which offered to the dentists of New York are made by Mr. Sutton, of the late firm of Sutton and Raynor.
But even these were quite coarse, and though very well barbed, were badly injured in annealing. Meeting with difficulties from the causes enumerated, I set myself to work to devise means of overcoming them to as great a degree as the circumstances would admit.
I procured the finest Swiss broaches imported, annealed them carefully in a closed brass tube, cooled them very slowly, and found I had a tough broach that would enter almost any canal. The barbing is effected with a thin edged instrument in such a manner as to give some thirty sharp barbs without materially weakening the broach.
After testing these broaches myself I became convinced that they were better adapted to our purposes than any I had seen offered at the dental depots, and gave some to a few prominent gentlemen in the profession, some of whom have declared themselves pleased with their operation.
I do not claim that all pulps can be completely removed with these broaches, nor do I claim that such a desideratum will never be accomplished, but I believe they are superior to any yet offered. I have been urged to supply the profession with them, and have concluded to do so at the lowest price I have ever heard of prepared broaches being sold at, namely, seventy-five cents per dozen.
In the mean time, I will be most happy to give any gentleman such information (if any further is needed) as shall enable him, with a little practice, to prepare them for himself. As to the enlarging of the canals, this is best accomplished when the root is not too much bent, by rotating in it a fine broach with the temper drawn to a spring, or it may, in part, be accomplished with properly-shaped hoes.
The Palmer pluggers, considerably attenuated by filing or grinding, answer a very good purpose for introducing and condensing the gold. In closing, I will say that in very much flattened canals the pulp is frequently split, and a part of it left in, while enough is brought away evidently reaching to the apex of the root to make the dentist feel certain that all has been removed. Attention to this fact will save some trouble to the patient.
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